Factors that impact how businesses compete are often difficult to assess. Questions arise on how prices are affected but for the activities of another firm. Claims arise regarding restraint of trade and the loss suffered because of market manipulations. We help by quantifying whether a loss occurred or if there was a downturn in business that can be attributed to the activities of another firm or group of firms. We examine the variability of pricing in markets, the impact of economic factors and events on pricing, and evaluate "as of" prices - prices evaluated with information known "as of" a given date. We combine economic theory with fact to examine how the market is operating and whether a loss exists or can be measured.